MODAL VERBS

MODAL VERBS

1. To learn more about modal verbs, click on this link (EASY):

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B-2wpsBrY_G9SU0zaEJYaWhkWTQ/view

2. To learn more about modal verbs and modal perfect, click on this link (UPPER-INTERMEDIATE):

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B-2wpsBrY_G9R3lDaU0xTldrOEk/view

IMPERSONAL PASSIVE VOICE

IMPERSONAL PASSIVE VOICE

In order to turn an active sentence into an impersonal passive one, follow these steps:

PASIVA IMPERSONAL (Se dice, se piensa…)
ACTIVE VOICE: People think that Peter will win
a) It is thought that Peter will win. (pasiva normal + that...)	PASSIVE 1
b) Peter is thought to win.	PASSIVE 2
1. Poner la persona o cosa de la que se dice algo.
2. Hacer una pasiva normal.
3. Poner "to" en vez de "that"
4. Poner el verbo de la 2ª parte en el tiempo que indique el cuadro que aparece debajo*.

*Here is a useful table for type b) impersonal passive voice:

IMPERSONAL PASSIVE STRUCTURES

·      Here are some common verbs that are used in impersonal passive structures to report what is said by an unspecified group of people: agree, allege, announce, assume, believe, calculate, claim, consider, decide, demonstrate, discover, establish, estimate, expect, feel, find, hope, intend, know, mention, plan, propose, recommend, reveal, say, show, suggest, suppose, think and understand.

·      FORM: appropriate tense for impersonal passive structures with an infinitive clause:

ACTIVE VOICE	PASSIVE VOICE
§  present simple §  future simple	to + infinitive
§  present continuous §  future continuous	to + be + -ing
§  past simple §  present perfect simple §  past perfect simple §  future perfect simple	to + have + past participle
§  past continuous §  present perfect continuous §  past perfect continuous §   future perfect continuous	to + have + been + -ing

·      FORM: appropriate tense for impersonal passive structures with an infinitive clause that have a modal verb in the active voice:

ACTIVE VOICE	PASSIVE VOICE
§  can	to be able to
§  could	to have been able to
§  must	to have to
§  have to §  will have to	to have to
§  need to §  will need to	to need to
§  can have + past participle	to have been able to
§  could have + past participle	to have been able to
§  had to §  have had to  §  had had to §  will have had to	to have had to
§  needed to §  have needed to §  had needed to §  will have needed to	to have needed to

PASSIVE VOICE: CAUSATIVE

PASSIVE VOICE: CAUSATIVE 

CAUSATIVE: HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE

Se usa cuando recibes un servicio

ACTIVE: The painters have painted her house

1º Poner la persona que recibió el servicio

2º Si hay auxiliares, los dejas donde están

3º Poner have en el tiempo del verbo principal

4º Poner la cosa/servicio que te han hecho

5º Poner el verbo principal en participio

6º (by + agente)

PASSIVE: She has had her house painted (by the painters)